Thomas Jefferson, Colonial Period – 1772

To Thomas Jefferson from Alexander McCaul, 8 July 1772

Reference to an economic collapse not unlike the housing lending crisis that happened in 2008-2011, where prior to this bills of credit were being issued recklessly. How history does repeat itself, and much more frequently than we care to admit. At least once in a generation, sometimes more so.

From Thomas Jefferson to William Wood, 17 July 1772

A matter of land ownership is discussed with the owner on steps requisite in order to obtain or retain possession of a piece of land that was attempting to be sequestered by legal means. (Legal used loosely to suggest a malicious player using the legal system to secure lands that otherwise did not belong to him.)

From Thomas Jefferson to Samuel Inglis, 13 October 1772

Legal tools are described for use herein, such as use of a “plea” which TJ explains that he suspects that this will be overruled. Such action also comes with a cost, but he is strategic in how he employs these legal tools.

To Thomas Jefferson from John Wayles, 20 October 1772

A letter to TJ from his father-in-law which references “the sale of slaves”. It is a horrible thing that this was just such a common place occurrence. Like the arrival of a fresh load of pigs or cattle ready to be bought and slaughtered by the highest bidder? It was a machine of business that these poor African souls were victim to.

The older I get, what was just explained to me and accepted as a matter of fact as a child seems so heinously abominable as an adult.

Notes on Thomas Jefferson Docs – River Navigation, Easements,

Project for Making the Rivanna River Navigable, 1771

A curious document outlining a project proposal to widen a river. (Thomas Jefferson listed this project above the Declaration of Independence in a list of accomplishments in 1800.) What I find interesting is that he observed that with just the removal loose stone from the river bed that river could be more easily navigated via canoe. The improvements to the river brought a benefit to the local community for 35 years.

Amendments to a Bill concerning the Keeping of Roads and Bridges, [April?] 1772

Some interesting considerations are listed herein with reference to the acquisition of lands for public roadways. Similar considerations are made for any form of public works when private lands are needed to complete the project. This has caused me to reflect on the simple roads that run through my own property near Kirksville. Also, I was reflecting the ambitious acquisition of land in Phoenix when Highway 51 (Squaw Peak Parkway) was built which channeled straight through the core of many neighborhoods in order to create a highway to ease the burden of traffic congestion on the city.

Notes on Thomas Jefferson Docs – Dec 1771 & 1772

Marriage license brought me to consider family life of the time period. Notable that Thomas Jefferson was the beneficiary of large inheritance from his father who died when Thomas was only 14 years old. TJ only married once (Martha Wayles Skelton).

Reviewing TJ’s Memorandum Books from 1772 (https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/02-01-02-0006)

At first this appears to be only legal notes organized by date, for reference. Not too difficult to ascertain the abbreviations. (Maybe I should learn legal shorthand?) Later though, he was making notes on items of productivity around his properties. Noted how efficient a one-wheeled wheel barrel was verse a two-wheeled version, capacity, etc. Hence, the evidence of record keeping for the sake of making better decisions.


Reading money ledgers, in the 1800’s money was recorded like this 10/9/3 , meaning 10 pounds, 9 shillings, and 3 pence. I’m assuming where just two numbers appeared, like 2/5 , that this was 2 shillings and 5 pence. (https://plainsightproject.org/early-double-entry-accounting)

How was British currency rendered before 1971?

  • One pound was divided into 20 shillings.
  • One shilling was divided into 12 pennies.
  • One penny was divided into two halfpennies, or four farthings.  

So one pound would be the equivalent of 240 pennies.

Prayers, Records, Facts, and Internal Reforms

(Notes from reading “Social Change in India,” pp. 512-516)

To her colleague, Florence penned the essence of her prayers and petitions on his behalf:

… I join with you in unceasing fervent prayer, to the Fatherly Providence of us all for your highest success– that is, that you may be enabled wisely, soberly, and continuously, through a long life, to help others to help themselves, to speak for those who have no voice, to be the voluntary representative of the poor and dumb and ignorant. And to make others noble, we must ourselves be noble.

ibid. p 513

This explains a lot to me and causes me to consider the similarities between Florence and I.


One of the great issues facing the ryots was the utter lack of record keeping either themselves or by the government, so that there was no evidence of their land holdings, rights, or payments already made to the zemandari. Without the records, they could be taken advantage of, being forced to pay more than they actually owed, having no contract to default to.

When records are kept, honesty can be enforced.


On the presentation of general facts (which Florence says are the foundation of “all hope of right conclusion and righteous action.” ibid p. 515), the stories that we choose to support such facts must be type facts (or typical facts) not exceptional or extreme case examples. If we take a single instance of a situation and attempt to project that onto the whole picture, without it actually being the case, then we do ourselves no advantage for we are exaggerating the truth, not reinforcing it.


“A people cannot really be helped except through itself.” ibid p. 515 If we want to fix social ills, we need to find the people within the communities themselves who are willing to educate their poor fellows, in order to realize growth and improvements.

On Bribery and Poor Stewardship

“Social Change in India,” pp 407-411

(These are correspondence letters to an Indian national by the name of Prasanna Kumar Sen regarding legislation that was been enacted in regards to rent reformations in India. Current legislation gave quite a bit of power and leverage to the zemandari class [quasi-landlord/bill collectors] while giving no rights to the ryots [peasantry class]. Discussions were underway to change this.)

Highlights from this and recent reading that stand out to me:

  • Statistics must be backed by facts, or in other words, real-life stories of individuals that help to illustrate the statistics being quantified.
  • Bribery is a part of the real issue and that courts and judicial proceedings have no real power to change anything because witnesses can be bribed to produce false testimony. If a testimony is false, than the entire proceeding is flawed.
  • A class of young lawyers, who are above bribery as a matter of mantra or distinction, would change legal proceedings.
  • A prosperous class of ryots would benefit everyone above them, where as those that abuse the ryots with extra fees and taxes will sap the lifeblood until they are dead, until there is nothing left for them to take.
  • If the ruling class, zemandars or higher, fail to keep their books in order, then it should only be to their determent, and not anyone under them. If they are bad stewards of their own resources, than it should be to their own discomfort only, not to the poor.

Saturday, April 27, 2024

Notes on Florence Nightingale:

Vol. 10, p. 313

If educating every village is what is required, then funding must be available for them to access in such a way that they can take decisive action. It’s both a local and federal issue. So it can only be solved by those willing to engage in both.

  • What is the panchayat village system that British destroyed? How did it work?

Special Study: the Lord’s Timing

I am brought to consider the “inconvenience” of the Lord’s timing in two personal experiences this morning.

  • The decision not to go with Emma to look at a truck earlier this week. The Lord said don’t go, and I didn’t. What’s resulted has been a complete shift in direction for Emma away from the food truck idea.
  • The decision not to postpone having children and a large family in a time and space were contrary to cultural standards. This was both the result of prayer and following prophetic counsel earlier in our lives.
  • The case of Lehi’s family leaving Jerusalem follows a similar trajectory. The Lord’s timing took them away from comfort and worldly goods.

I am trying to find words that articulate all this. Trust in the Lord and lean not unto thy own understanding.

Then on the flip side, the Jewish people of Nephi’s day had evolved into such a wicked people that they had rejected all the Lord’s timing/blessing for his people. See 1 Nephi 19:13.

Special Study: Prayer

(TG Prayer)

And in that day ye shall ask me nothing but it shall be done unto you. Verily, verily, I say unto you, Whatsoever ye shall ask the Father in my name, he will give it you.

Hitherto have ye asked nothing in my name: ask, and ye shall receive, that your joy may be full.

John 16:23-24 (JST added)

For there is no difference between the Jew and the Greek: for the same Lord over all is rich unto all that call upon him.

For whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved.

Romans 10:12-13

The expected state of man is to pray.


I have felt the need to continue to this particular study in greater depth. I am impressed by promise of abundance or richness, which obviously the Lord is able to give to those who ask.

…even so I would that ye should remember, and always retain in remembrance, the greatness of God, and your own nothingness, and his goodness and long-suffering towards you, unworthy creatures, and humble yourselves even in the depths of humility, calling on the name of the Lord daily…

Mosiah 4:11

Rulers, or leaders, among God’s people are to pray over the people. In 1 Samual 12, Samuel teaches the people to follow the Lord, turn away from vain things which will not profit them and then that his responsibility towards to the people is to continue to pray for them. (see vs. 23)

And ye shall seek me, and find me, when ye shall search for me with all your heart.

Jeremiah 29:13 (emphasis added)

Reading from 2 Nephi 32, Nephi says that in order to understand his words, we must ask, seek, and knock. In other words, pray after listening. The expected course of instruction is to listen and then pray. I suppose that the Lord would have me do this every day.


A set of scriptures articulates well my current approach to prayer (emphasis added):

Phillippians 4:6 – “Be careful for nothing; but in every thing by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known unto God.”
Psalms 55:22 – “Cast thy burden upon the Lord, and he shall sustain thee: he shall never suffer the righteous to be moved.”
Proverbs 16:3 – “Commit thy works unto the Lord, and thy thoughts shall be established.”

And these three verses make the Savior’s exhaustive instructions all the more relevant:
Matthew 6:25 – “Therefore I say unto you, Take no thought for your life, what ye shall eat, or what ye shall drink; nor yet for your body, what ye shall put on. Is not the life more than meat, and the body than raiment?”

What is it about these verses and their connection to prayer that resonates with me? It is that the burdens of the day and the challenges that I face can be offloaded day-in and day-out. The Lord carries the heavier part, the part that I must let go of. There is also this constant sense of returning and reporting, receiving updates, instructions, and then going to work, and then coming back for more, doing what you can with what you have, and only then moving on.


There is a new pattern developing in my mind: Take the thoughts and ideas that you encounter throughout the day, record what has impressed you, as much as possible. Then review this information with Father to sift it. The Father will add to it, and you may make further record of it.

Types of things to pray for:

  • Gratitude for:
    • Relationships (specific interactions)
    • knowledge sources
    • works performed
  • New Knowledge from:
    • Education
    • Podcasts/Videos/Media
    • Relationships
    • Impressions/Prayers
  • Actions to be taken
    • Proposed
    • What more?
  • Needs:
    • Proposed
    • What am I not seeing, especially in relationships?
  • (Special Category: Praying for others)
    • (TBD – yet to be defined.)/
    • (and yet most of Christ’s prayers were in behalf of others.)

Easter

(Remarks delivered on Easter Sunday, March 31, 2024 in the Marshall Branch Sacrament meeting)

So as the account is told in scripture, the end was soon and the Hero of this story actually already knew how it was to happen. But even a complete and perfect understanding of what was about to happen, wasn’t enough. He had to experience it for Himself.

Rewind back to the beginning of our known eternal history: The grand council before the earth was, where we were present to meet with our family members to discuss one question: how could we become like our Mother and Father, the eternal Gods? Father outlined how they proposed for it to happen. They would build an earth, and there on this earth, we, their children, could receive bodies, of flesh and bones, like our Mother and Father’s, and then have experiences inside of these bodies. To make the plan complete, a person had to be chosen, to save us from the mistakes that we would make learning how to control our bodies.

In this grand family council, Jesus Christ was chosen to be the one who would complete our experience in a body, if we wanted him to do so. There was one other who wanted to do this job, but he proposed forcing us to accept his way, which would have destroyed the purpose behind the experience.

What Father and Mother understood was that we could only become like them by having choices. Satan wanted to take away all choices. Jesus wanted to give us choices, and he was willing to do the necessary work to give us choice. And that brings us back to the moment that he was about to make good on his promise. Jesus Christ, our hero of the story, said that he would do it, and that time was now.

There is no other time period in the scriptures that is recorded in greater detail than are the events surrounding the act of the Atonement. Prophets and apostles know that this is what we have all been waiting for, and they have spared no significant detail in helping us to understand it.

The popular children’s song, titled Gethsemene states: “Love… and a prayer… took him there, to the place only he could go.” Love was primary motivator, and was coupled with intentional prayer.

What was our Hero thinking when he entered the Garden of Gethsemene? What was his motivation to perform the Atonement, to save the world from our pains and weaknesses? We have the answers to these questions in one of his prayer written in the book of John, chapter 17, in the New Testament.

1 These words spake Jesus, and lifted up his eyes to heaven, and said, Father, the hour is come; glorify thy Son, that thy Son also may glorify thee:

2 As thou hast given him power over all flesh, that he should give eternal life to as many as thou hast given him.

3 And this is life eternal, that they might know thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom thou hast sent.

4 I have glorified thee on the earth: I have finished the work which thou gavest me to do.

5 And now, O Father, glorify thou me with thine own self with the glory which I had with thee before the world was.

John 17:1-5

And now come I to thee; and these things I speak in the world, that they might have my joy fulfilled in themselves…

Sanctify them through thy truth: thy word is truth.

John 17:13, 17

[I pray] for them also which shall believe on me…

21 That they all may be one; as thou, Father, art in me, and I in thee, that they also may be one in us…

22 And the glory which thou gavest me I have given them; that they may be one, even as we are one:

John 17:20-23, 26

So where were Christ’s thoughts while he suffered such difficult pain that his sweat was like great big drops of blood? He was set in a hope that we would become one with each other, and one with Him, that through love and the prayer of faith, we too could be glorified in Jesus Christ.

After Christ’s suffering in the garden, what follows is perhaps the greatest act of government cruelty that can be imagined. For it was through official channels, courts and rulers and legal proceedings, that Nephi saw the following:

And the world, because of their iniquity, shall judge him to be a thing of naught; wherefore they scourge him, and he suffereth it; and they smite him, and he suffereth it. Yea, they spit upon him, and he suffereth it, because of his loving kindness and his long-suffering towards the children of men.

1 Nephi 19:9

In less than 24 hours, Jesus exits the garden and is executed on a cross. There was no time to prepare, no time to plan, no time to prevent. The shepherd had been killed and his flocked scattered. And the Jews in their efficiency were even quick to take his body down and buried it before the approaching Sabbath at sunset.

I try to put myself in the shoes of those early disciples: Peter, John, Mary Magdalene. What must they have been thinking in those moments? Wasn’t this the King? Wasn’t this the Hero of their hope? Wasn’t Christ the chosen one, who was to liberate them from Israel’s bondage? How could any of this be, if he was gone?

In his trial before the Roman ruler, Pilate asks him: “Art thou a king?”

Jesus’s response expands our perspective: “My kingdom is not of this world: if my kingdom were of this world, then would my servants fight… [yet] To this end was I born, and for this cause came I into the world, that I should bear witness unto the truth.” (John 18:36-37)

When Jesus Christ died, a feeling of profound darkness covered the earth. In the Americas, literal darkness engulfed the land with fog so thick that fire could not be lit. Wise men upon the islands felt the earth heaving and tremble and were forced to declare, “The God of Nature Suffereth!”

A night and a day and another night passed. It was the morning of the third day, Sunday morning. Women went to the garden tomb to attended to the body of our fallen Lord. (I like to think of them as the dutiful Relief Society sisters of Christ’s day.) But confusion added to sorrow, the body was not there. How much worse could it be? The women then went and found Peter and John who returned with them to the tomb. They too saw with their own eyes the empty tomb. Christ’s body was nowhere to be found.

While most left in greater confusion, one remained in her grief at the garden tomb: Mary Magdalene. (Not Jesus’s mother, but Jesus’s friend, also named Mary.) An unknown man comes to Mary, and she thinks He is the gardener out early tending to the garden. She asks if He knows where the body has been taken, and asks if she can be entrusted with its care, then, surprisingly, Jesus calls her name, “Mary” and she looks up and sees it is Him, alive! She must have tried to embrace her Lord, for he responds immediately “Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended to my Father: but go to my brethren, and say unto them, I ascend unto my Father, and your Father; and to my God, and your God.” (John 20:17)

News of the empty tomb traveled quickly. Two men later that afternoon were walking down a dusty road and were joined by a third. The third traveler asked them about the news of the day, which to their surprise they responded:
“Art thou… a stranger in Jerusalem, and hast not known the things which are come to pass there in these days?
And he said unto them, What things?” (Luke 24: 17-19)

The two men then brought the third man up to speed on recent events and the conviction that they had that Christ was to become their king, only to end up dead. Upon hearing their story, the third man chided them and pointing to the prophets and their words, he demonstrated that nothing had been frustrated. Sensing that their guest was someone special the first two invited the third to stay with them for dinner. The third obliged and when they had sat down, he blessed and break bread with them, and suddenly they saw that this was Jesus Christ with them alive again, eating bread. And then he disappeared.

The third appearance of our Lord on that first Easter Sunday happened shortly there after, when these same two men ran to the eleven remaining disciples and told them that they had seen their Lord. And as these two men were explaining what had just happened to them, Suddenly, Jesus appeared standing there among them and said, “Peace be unto you!” But they were terrified and afraid, thinking that he was a spirit.

38 … he said unto them, Why are ye troubled? and why do thoughts arise in your hearts?

39 Behold my hands and my feet, that it is I myself: handle me, and see; for a spirit hath not flesh and bones, as ye see me have.

Luke 24:37-39

Our Hero, now in resurrected form, demonstrated to his followers that his body was real. They touched his hands and feet. He went further in demonstrating that he could also eat fish and honeycomb. His resurrected body was real!

44 And he said unto them, These are the words which I spake unto you, while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled, which were written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms, concerning me.

45 Then opened he their understanding, that they might understand the scriptures,

46 And said unto them, Thus it is written, and thus it behoved Christ to suffer, and to rise from the dead the third day:

47 …that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in his name among all nations…

48 And ye are witnesses of these things.

Luke 24:40-48

Christ earlier had taught:

No man taketh [my life] from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again.

John 10:17-18

Testimony:

I believe in this Easter story. I believe in Jesus Christ, and his gospel message of faith, hope, and repentance. I believe in the Atonement of Jesus Christ, and His power to make me complete. I believe in and have experienced for myself the cleansing power of His atonement through my own struggles to repent. This is my faith, and this is my hope for even better things to come. Earth has no sorrow that Heaven cannot heal, because Jesus Christ atoned for sin and suffering, Jesus Christ died, Jesus Christ rose triumphant over death!

In the name of Jesus Christ, Amen.